Polyether amine modification of polypropylene

ABSTRACT

A compound comprising a blend of polypropylene with the reaction of a functionalized polypropylene and polyether amine in which the polyetheramine is grafted into the functionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is disclosed. The blend may include an elastomer such as EP rubber and/or a filler such as glass. A process for producing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene and the polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus is also disclosed. Blends of the present invention are advantageously useful to prepare paintable automotive body parts.

This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No.08/499,521 filed Jul. 7, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,783,630, which is acontinuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/222,508 filed Apr. 4, 1994, nowabandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/090,675, filed Jul.13, 1993, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a novel olefin polymer composed of thereaction of a functionalized polypropylene and a polyetheramine. Thisinvention also relates to thermoplastic resin blends containing thenovel olefin polymer and polypropylene.

2. Related Art

The in situ formation of compatibilizers for polyblends is rapidlygaining popularity. In the last few years, more and more cases have beenreported where advantage is taken of the presence of reactive groups toform a graft or a block or a random copolymer, which could act as acompatibilizer for a mixture of two or more polymers. The prior art,Process Requirements of the Reactive Compatibilization of Nylon6/Polypropylene Blends by S. S. Dagli, M. Xanthos and J. A.Biensenberger: Polymer Processing Institute at Stevens Institute ofTechnology, Hoboken, N.J. 07030 reveals an acrylic acid grafted modifiedpolypropylene used with a blend of nylon-6 and polypropylene.

Thermoplastic resin compositions containing polypropylene are well knownin the art (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,081). U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,164describes a polypropylene/polyamide composition suitable for producingmoldings. The patent describes an ethylene copolymer useful as anadhesion promoter. Moreover, the patent indicates that maleic acid is asuitable monomer for preparing the ethylene copolymer.

In addition, maleated polypropylene is commercially available.

European patent application 0 367 832 discloses a resin compositioncontaining an olefinic polymer having acid anhydride groups. As in U.S.Pat. No. 5,179,164, the novel compound is blended with a polyamide.

Japanese patent 46003838 reveals a maleic anhydride modifiedpolypropylene composition containing triethylamine and polyethyleneglycol nonylphenyl ether. Japanese patent 60195120 reveals a moldingcontaining polyethylene, maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, anddiethylenetriamine.

However, the instant invention uses the maleic anhydride in conjunctionwith polyetheramines which produce unexpected improvements in resinproperties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is a compound comprising a blend of polypropylene ("PP")with the reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene andpolyetheramine in which the polyether amine is grafted onto thefunctionalized polypropylene in a customary mixing apparatus. By graftedit is meant that the amine functionality of the polyetheramine reactswith the anhydride component of the functionalized polypropylene to forma reaction product, for instance, a primary amine will react with amaleic anhydride to form an imide. This invention is also a process forproducing the reaction product of the functionalized polypropylene andthe polyether amine by melting with polypropylene in a customary mixingapparatus. In this regard, the compound blend of this invention may beprepared by reactive extrusion by feeding a polyetheramine, afunctionalized polypropylene and polypropylene into an extruder attemperatures such that the polyetheramine reacts with the functionalizedpolypropylene to form a reaction product containing, for example, animide group.

The compositions of the present invention are useful for preparingmolded automotive body parts, including directly paintable thermoplasticpolyolefins ("TPO") based automotive body parts.

It is also contemplated that the compositions are useful for makingmolded parts that contain filler such as glass. It is yet furthercontemplated that the compositions of the present invention may beuseful in the preparation of films, including printable films; fibersincluding dyable and non-woven PP fibers; and in packaging materials forelectronics components such as semiconductor chips, wherein thepackaging materials may provide electrostatic dissipation which wouldthereby protect the chips from damage. It is yet further contemplatedthat the composition of the present invention may be useful to improvethe barrier properties for polyethylene and to modify polyethylene as atie layer in multilayer films. It is further contemplated that thecomposition of the present invention may be useful as an additive aspolypropylene based reinforcement fibers for concrete.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The blend of polypropylene with the reaction product of maleatedpolypropylene and polyether amine shows improved paintability, improvedimpact resistance, and excellent mold flowability over blends ofpolypropylene and maleated polypropylene.

Plastics are increasingly being employed in the production of motorvehicles. Impact-modified PP has proved to be particularly suitable forapplications such as bumpers, spoilers, fenders, side bump strips andthe like. Therefore, a thermoplastic resin blend having the improvedproperties of the instant invention has significant potential commercialusefulness.

These resin compositions, according to the present invention, are usefulas engineering plastics which are materials for structural members inthe fields of transport machines (automobiles, ships and the like),apparatus, tools, electronic appliances, electric appliances, sportinggoods, leisure goods and the like; and for connectors, tubes and thelike.

Suitable polypropylenes are known from polymer chemistry, are describedfor example in Kunststoff-Handbuch, volume IV, Polyolefins, edited by R.Vieweg, A. Schley and A. Schwarz. Carol Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1969, andare commercially available, so that no details need be given.

Functionalized PP is PP onto which a monomer has been grafted. The usualmethod of such grafting is by free radical reaction. In the practice ofthis invention, the maleated polypropylene is not a copolymer of maleicanhydride or equivalent thereof, and propylene, such that the maleicanhydride moiety is predominantly in the backbone of the copolymer.Suitable monomers for preparing functionalized polypropylene are, forexample, olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids of less than 12carbon atoms, e.g., acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and thecorresponding tert-butyl esters, e.g., tert-butyl (meth)acrylate,olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids of less than 12 carbonatoms, e.g., fumaric acid, maleic acid, and itaconic acid and thecorresponding mono-and/or di-tert-butyl esters, e.g., mono- ordi-tert-butyl fumarate and mono- or di- tert-butyl maleate, olefinicallyunsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g.,maleic anhydride, sulfo- or sulfonyl-containing olefinically unsaturatedmonomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., p-styrenesulfonic acid,2-(meth)acrylamide-2-methylpropenesulfonic acid or2-sulfonyl(meth)acrylate, oxazolinyl-containing olefinically unsaturatedmonomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., vinyloxazolines andvinyloxazoline derivatives, and epoxy-containing olefinicallyunsaturated monomers of less than 12 carbon atoms, e.g., glycidyl(meth)acrylate or allyl glycidyl ether. The most preferred monomer forpreparing functionalized polypropylene is maleic anhydride.

The functionalized polypropylene used in the practice of this inventionmay have a wide variety of number average molecular weights. When thefunctionalized polypropylene is used to make paintable articles, such asautomotive body parts, the functionalized polypropylene preferably has anumber average molecular weight greater than about 3,000 and preferablyless than about 20,000, more preferably less than about 10,000. Arepresentative example of a maleated polypropylene that is currentlycommercially available is under the name EPOLENE E-43, available fromEastman Chemical. Such relatively low molecular weight functionalizedpolypropylenes, when reacted with polyetheramines in accordance with thepractice of this invention, appears to render the resulting extrudedcompositions more readily paintable. In other applications wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is employed, such as when a glass filler isadded to increase stiffness and strength, a higher average numbermolecular weight greater than about 40,000 and less than about 60,000may be employed. Generally, glass filler and polypropylene are notmiscible, and their combination commonly leads to voids in the resultingcompositions. The relatively higher molecular weight materials "wet" theglass to make the glass filler particles and polypropylene morecombinable to thereby decrease the amount of voids in the resultingcompositions.

Suitable anhydride functionalized polypropylene include the followingstructures: ##STR1## wherein PP is polypropylene. In these structures,it should be appreciated that the polypropylene can be bonded to one ortwo monomers when the polypropylene is linear, while more than twomonomers might be included when the propylene is branched. Typically,one or two monomers are present.

Suitable polyetheramines include monamines, diamines and triamines,having a molecular weight of from about 150 to about 12,000. Preferredpolyetheramines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about3,000. Suitable monamines include JEFFAMINE M-1000, JEFFAMINE M-2070,and JEFFAMINE M-2005.

Suitable diamines include JEFFAMINE ED-6000, JEFFAMINE ED-4000,JEFFAMINE ED-2001, JEFFAMINE D-2000, JEFFAMINE D-4000, JEFFAMINE ED-900,JEFFAMINE ED-600, and JEFFAMINE D-400. Suitable triamines includeJEFFAMINE ET-3000, JEFFAMINE T-3000 and JEFFAMINE T-5000¹. Preferredpolyetheramines include JEFFAMINE M-2070 and JEFFAMINE ED-2001. Morepreferred polyetheramines of the present invention have a molecularweight in the range from about 1500 to about 2000. In the practice ofthis invention, monoamines and diamines are preferred. Suitablepolyether blocks for the polyetheramine include polyethylene glycol,polypropylene glycol, copolymers of polyethylene glycol andpolypropylene glycol, poly(1,2-butylene glycol), and poly(tetramethyleneglycol). The glycols can be aminated using well known methods to producethe polyetheramines. Generally, the glycols are prepared from ethyleneoxide, propylene oxide or combination thereof using well known methodssuch as by a methoxy or hydroxy initiated reaction. When both ethyleneoxide and propylene oxide are used, the oxides can be reactedsimultaneously when a random polyether is desired, or reactedsequentially when a block polyether is desired.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyetheramines areprepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or combinations thereof.Generally, when the polyetheramine is prepared from ethylene oxide,propylene oxide or combinations thereof, the amount of ethylene oxide ona molar basis is greater than about 50 percent of the polyetheramine,preferably greater than about 75 percent and more preferably greaterthan about 90 percent. In one embodiment of this invention, polyols andamines including polyalkylene polyamines and alkanol amines or any aminethat is not a polyetheramine as disclosed herein may be absent from thecomposition. Similarly, functional groups other than ether linkages andamine groups may be absent from the polyetheramine. The polyether aminesused in the practice of this invention can be prepared using well knownamination techniques such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,654,370.Generally, the polyether amines are made by aminating a polyol, such asa polyether polyol with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst such as anickel containing catalyst such as a Ni/Cu/Cr catalyst.

The mixing of the functionalized PP and polyetheramine and optionallyalso PP may be carried out in a customary mixing apparatus includingbatch mixers, continuous mixers, kneaders, and extruders. For mostapplications, the preferred mixing apparatus is an extruder.

Besides the PP/functionalized-PP/polyetheramine structural componentsaccording to the invention, the resin composition may, to improve theimpact strength, contain impact modifiers, advantageouslyimpact-modifying elastomers. Impact-modifying elastomers for the instantinvention are known to a skilled worker. Examples are rubbers based onethylene, propylene, butadiene, and acrylates, e.g. methacrylates, ormixtures thereof. Other examples include EP and EPDM rubbers, with EPrubber (ethylene propylene rubber) being preferred in applications whereautomotive body parts are being prepared. A representative example of acurrently commercially available EP rubber is sold under the nameVISTALON 878 by Exxon Chemical.

Suitable impact-modifying elastomers are described for example inMethoden der organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl), volume XIV/1,Makromolekulare Chemie (Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1961), pages 390to 406, and in the monograph by C. B. Bucknal, Toughened Plastics(Applied Publishers, London, 1977).

A composition containing polypropylene and elastomers, such as EPrubber, is commonly referred to as a "TPO," which stands forthermoplastic polyolefin. TPO's are commonly used in the manufacture ofmolded automotive body parts, such as bumper fascias. Such molded partsmay also contain other components such as fillers, as describedhereinbelow. TPO-based compositions can be prepared in the same manneras for non-elastomer-containing compositions. TPO's are commonly sold incompounded or reactor grades. Representative examples of TPO which arecurrently available commercially are described below in the paragraphspreceding Examples 18-27.

It is contemplated that the polyetheramine and functionalizedpolypropylene, and optionally a small amount of PP or TPO, can bereacted to form a reaction product concentrate and, later, the reactionproduct concentrate can be blended with polypropylene or TPO. In thisaspect of the invention, the polyetheramine comprises from about 10 toabout 50 weight percent of the concentrate. When the reaction product ofpolyether amine and maleated PP is prepared neat, the reaction productcan be blended or compounded with polypropylene or TPO and any othercomponents of the desired composition to the desired levels using amixing apparatus such as an extruder. It should be understood that PPmay be commonly used to dilute the reaction. Depending on the type ofmixer, the reaction product, polypropylene and any other components canbe thoroughly mixed as solids prior to introducing the admixture in themixing apparatus. Alternatively, mixers are available which will mix thecomponents during operation. In either case, during operation of themixer, the components are heated to melt the solids, with the meltedcomponents being thereafter mixed to form the final composition.

In addition to the structural components of PP, functionalized-PP, andpolyetheramine and any impact modifier contained in a resin compositionaccording to the instant invention, the resin may also containreinforcing agents and/or additives. The reinforcing agents used may bereinforcing fillers, for example, carbon or carbon fibers; clay, chalk,talc, and mica to control shrinkage and control coefficient of thermalexpansion; glass (beads or fibers) to increase stiffness. Further, thefillers may be finished with adhesion promoters and/or sizing agents. Inaddition, phosphite or hindered phenol or both can be added as astabilizer (as a free radical scavenger).

When compositions include a glass filler, the composition can contain upto about 40% glass filler if highly stiff compositions are desired. Moretypically, from about 2% to about 10% glass filler in the composition isemployed. Advantageously, the compositions of the present invention thatcontain glass filler generally are substantially free of voids thattypically develop in compositions containing polypropylene and glass.While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that thereaction product of polyether amine and maleated polypropylene serves to"wet" the glass to thereby make the glass and polypropylene morecombinable (more miscible). In this aspect of the invention, it ispreferred to employ maleated polypropylene having an average molecularweight of about 40,000 to about 60,000, as is described hereinabove.

The preferred functionalized polypropylene is a maleated polypropylenehaving the following structure: ##STR2## wherein PP is polypropylene.

The preferred polyetheramines are monoamines and diamines. The preferredmonoamines as well as the preferred triamines have a molecular weight offrom about 200 to about 4000. The preferred diamines have a molecularweight of from about 148 to about 6000. More preferred monoamines anddiamines have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 3,000.

The preferred reaction product between the preferred functionalizedpolypropylene, maleated polypropylene, and the preferred polyetheraminehas the following formula: ##STR3## wherein a is from about 5 to 50,000,for b:c from about 0:100 to 100:0, x is from about 1 to 3, and R ishydrogen or an alkyl radical having a functionality of x (i.e., if x is2, R is a divalent), the alkyl radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Suitable thermoplastic resin compositions may contain from about 66 toabout 80 wt % PP, from about 20 to about 30 wt % maleated PP and fromabout 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine. When the compositions includeelastomers, such as in TPO-based compositions used to make automotivebody parts, the compositions generally comprise from about 5 to about 40wt % maleated PP, from about 2 to about 10 wt % polyetheramine and fromabout 50 to about 93 wt % PP, such percentages based on the weights ofthese components of the composition. Preferred compositions that includeelastomers comprise about 15 to about 30 wt % maleated PP, from about 2to about 8 wt % polyetheramine and from about 62 to about 83 wt % PP.

The preferred customary mixing apparatus is an extruder in which thepolyetheramine is grafted onto the maleated polypropylene at from about175 to 300° C. in the course of a residence time of from about 25 to 300seconds. For typical compositions of this invention, degradation beginsto occur above this temperature range and below this range thecompositions generally do not melt. Polypropylene is a non-reactivecomponent of the mixing blend. The preferred temperature range is fromabout 190 to 260° C.

Molded articles prepared from compositions according to the presentinvention are generally directly paintable. Representative examples ofpaints commonly employed for this purpose include urethane-based andmelamine-based paints. Such paints may be applied using conventionaltechniques. Advantageously, compositions of the present invention may bepainted directly without chlorine pretreatment and optionally withoutprimer, though a primer may be used.

In the examples, continuous compounding was carried out in a Werner &Pfleiderer 30 mm twin screw extruder (ZSK30), having a nine barrelconfiguration, three kneading zones and one vent section, in which thefeed sequence was a combined feed in which all the components fed at thesame location (hopper of the extruder).

The following examples which illustrate the nature of the instantinvention are not intended to be limitative. In the examples, astoichiometric excess of maleic functionality on the maleatedpolypropylene is used relative to the amount of amine functionality onthe polyetheramine.

EXAMPLES 1-6

Blends of PP, maleated PP (MAL-PP), and JEFFAMINE M2070 produced in anextruder exhibit characteristics in percent compositions as shown inTable 1 in which the remaining percent is PP:

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        Example  1       2       3     4     5     6                                  ______________________________________                                        % MAL-PP 20              30                                                   % M2070  0       2       4     0     2     4                                  FM, psi  284K    255K    226K  289K  256K  201K                               StY, psi 8660    7980    7030  8750  7830  6170                               TE, %    8       16      10    4     13    5                                  TSt, psi 4990    4770    4280  5000  4630  3720                               NI, ftlb/in                                                                            0.161   0.220   0.386 0.123 0.139 0.220                              UnI, ftlb/in                                                                           12      14      10    10    14    5                                  ______________________________________                                    

where:

FM - - - flexural modulus

StY - - - stress at yield

TE - - - Tensile elongation

TSt - - - tensile strength

NI - - - notched izod impact

UnI - - - unnotched izod impact

EXAMPLES 7-10

Table 2 reveals the effects of JEFFAMINE M2070 (M) as compared toJEFFAMINE ED2001 (ED) in which either is blended with from about 76 to78 wt % of PP, and from about 20 wt % of MAL-PP in an extruder.

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        Example      7        8        9      10                                      ______________________________________                                        J. Type      M        ED       M      ED                                      % JEFF.      2             4                                                  FM, psi      255K     246K     226K   230K                                    StY, psi     7980     7730     7030   7140                                    TE, %        16       10       10     16                                      TSt, psi     4770     4560     4280   4420                                    NI, ftlb/in  14       15       10     18                                      UnI, ftlb/in 14       15       10     18                                      ______________________________________                                    

where:

FM - - - flexural modulus

StY - - - stress at yield

TE - - - Tensile elongation

TSt - - - tensile strength

NI - - - notched izod impact

UnI - - - unnotched isoz impact.

EXAMPLES 11-17

Table 3 reveals the percent paint adhesion of various compositions ofPP, maleated PP, and the JEFFAMINES indicated relative to a controlsample wherein the blends were produced in an extruder.

                                      TABLE 3                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                Paint                                             Example                                                                            PP  MAL-PP                                                                              % J. Type    Adhesion                                                                            Control                                     __________________________________________________________________________    11   76% 20%   4% JEFFAMINE M1000                                                                         62%   2%                                          12   76% 20%   4% JEFFAMINE ED-6000                                                                       28%   4%                                          13   74% 20%   6% JEFFAMINE ED-6000                                                                       46%   4%                                          14   74% 20%   6% JEFFAMINE ED-4000                                                                       40%   4%                                          15   74% 20%   6% JEFFAMINE M-2070                                                                        77%   21%                                         16   72% 20%   8% JEFFAMINE M-2070                                                                        40%   21%                                         17   72% 20%   8% JEFFAMINE M-2001                                                                        68%   21%                                         __________________________________________________________________________

In the following Examples 18-27, there are shown modified TPO-based(thermoplastic olefin-based) compositions including polyether amines ofthe present invention (in Tables 18A, 19A, 20A, 21A, 22A, 23A, 24A, 25A,26A, and 27A), the physical properties of the compositions (in Tables18B, 19B, 20B, 21B, 22B, 23B, 24B, 25B, 26B, and 27B) and the paintadhesion of the compositions (in Tables 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C, 23C,24C, 25C, 26C, and 27C). In the Tables shown in Examples 18-27, thefollowing phrases have the indicated meanings:

"HIMONT CA53A" is a reactor grade TPO containing polypropylene ("PP")and ethylene propylene rubber ("EP rubber") obtained from Himont, whichmay be described as having medium melt flow.

"Phenol" is ETHANOX 330 which is a hindered phenol stabilizer obtainedfrom Albemarle.

"EPOLENE E-43" is a maleated PP obtained from Eastman Chemical, havingabout 4 wt % maleation as determined from proton nmr.

"HIMONT LB150161" is a reactor grade TPO having a high melt flow.

"AMOCO 1016" is a PP having a melt flow rate at 230° C. of about 5g/min. as indicated by the supplier, Amoco Chemical.

"DEXFLEX D-161" is a compounded TPO of PP and EP rubber which isdescribed as having medium melt flow by the supplier, Dutch State Mines("DSM").

"NICHIBAN" refers to the tradename of a tape obtained from a Japanesecompany.

"STAMYLAN P" is an impact EP copolymer containing 5-10% ethylene in thebackbone obtained from DSM having a melt flow at 230° C./2.16 Kg usingan 150 R1133 procedure of 4.7 dg/min. as reported by the supplier, DSM.

"KELTAN TP-0552-2" is a TPO having a melt flow at 230° C./2.16 Kg usingan ISO R1133 procedure of 6.5 as reported by the supplier, DSM.

"VISTALON 878" is an EP rubber available from Exxon Chemical.

"W/IPA" means with isopropanol wipe prior to painting and "W/O IPA"means without isopropanol wipe painting.

In Examples 18-27, the sample compositions were injection molded toprepare type I tensile bars, which were used in the adhesion tests. Thefollowing procedures were used in these examples.

A hand mixed blend of polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, polyetheramine and an antioxidant is produced and added to the feed hopper. Theextruder heater bands are set to the following profile: feed throat 200°C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C., 220° C. die face.

The blend is fed into the feed throat of a Werner Pfleiderer ZSK30 twinscrew extruder. The compounded product is cooled in a water bath andpelletized.

Test specimens were injection molded using an ENGEL 55 ton injectionmolding machine using the following conditions:

Heating Zones

Nozzle 199° C. 196° C. 196° C. 196° C. Feed Zone

Mold Temperature 27° C.

Physical test specimens were allowed to equilibrate at 24° C. and at 50%relative humidity for 48 hours. Tensile measurements were made accordingto ASTM D638 on an INSTRON frame using a crosshead speed of 10 cm/min.Flexural properties were measured according to ASTM D790 using acrosshead speed of 1.25 cm/min. Izod impact properties were measuredaccording to ASTM D256.

Dynamical mechanical spectrometry (DMS) was performed using aRHEOMETRICS RDS-II. Injection molded bars measuring 12 mm×50 mm×3 mmwere tested in rectangular torsion mode at 1 hz. Strains imposed uponthe samples were typically between 0.05% and 0.2%. Measurements wereshown to be strain insensitive over the region investigated. The storageand the loss moduli as well as tan delta were measuring from -120° C. upthrough the melting of the samples, using a heating rate of 2° C./min.in a nitrogen atmosphere. Samples were tested after conditioning at 24°C. and 50% relative humidity for 24 hours.

Paint adhesion testing involved painting four inch injection moldeddiscs with a white, two component urethane automotive paint supplied byRED SPOT PAINTS. The paint is applied with a high volume, low pressureBINKS spray gun. The painted disks are based for 30 minutes at 80° C.The specimens are conditioned 24 hours and then tested using acrosshatch/tape adhesion test where a multibladed scribe is used togenerate 100 squares (approximately 2 mm×2 mm per square) on the disks.A piece of tape (Scotch Brand 2040, 3M) is then applied over the squaresand then the tape is pulled from the disk. The percentages denoted inthe tables reflect the number of painted squares remaining after pullingthe tape from the disk.

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 18A                                                       ______________________________________                                                                 JEFFAMINE ®                                      Sample                                                                              TPO.sup.1                                                                              MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                            M-2070     Phenol                                                                              PP                                  ______________________________________                                        1     99.7%    --        --         0.3%                                      2     84.7%    --        --         0.3%  15%                                 3     79.7%              --         0.3%  20%                                 4     84.7%    15%       --         0.3%                                      5     79.7%    20%       --         0.3%                                      6     80.7%    15%       4%         0.3%                                      7     78.7%    15%       6%         0.3%                                      8     75.7%    20%       4%         0.3%                                      9     73.7%    20%       6%         0.3%                                      10    71.7%    20%       8%         0.3%                                      11    80.7%    15%       4%         0.3%                                      12    78.7%    15%       6%         0.3%                                      13    75.7%    20%       4%         0.3%                                      14    73.7%    20%       6%         0.3%                                      15    71.7%    20%       8%         0.3%                                      ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A                                                           .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                  TABLE 18B                                                       ______________________________________                                                     1       2       3     4     5                                    ______________________________________                                        Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      578     725     736   686   741                                  Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       19.1    23.3    24.1  22.6  24.4                                 Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      667     666     622   559   417                                  Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      16.2    18.9    18.8  16.1  16.7                                 Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       338     432     453   423   452                                  Notched Izod Impact,                                                                       554     493     382   100   72.9                                 J/m                                                                           -30° C., J/m                                                                        55.0    49.4    43.3  44.3  34.0                                 Unnotched Izod Impact,                                                                     839     1025    931   924   997                                  J/m                                                                           Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1430    1624    1652  1556  1485                                 Total E, J   21.6    23.7    25.6  23.1  16.0                                 DSC                                                                           Tm, ° C.                                                                            156     156     158   153   164                                  Delta H, J/g 61.8    63.5    72.0  9.7   78.2                                 Tc, ° C.                                                                            98.9    103     104   102   109                                  Delta H, J/g 69.5    79.1    80.8  74.8  81.6                                 ______________________________________                                                     6       7       8     9     10                                   ______________________________________                                        Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      643     560                                                      Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       21.1    17.3                                                     Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      296     53                                                       Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      15.3    13.2                                                     Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       390     364                                                      Notched Izod Impact,                                                                       154     363                                                      J/m                                                                           -30° C., J/m                                                                        33.2    33.7                                                     Unnotched Izod Impact,                                                                     828     651                                                      J/m                                                                           Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1406    1064    1247  1043  905                                  Total E, J   19.1    11.4    15.9  11.0  9.59                                 DSC                                                                           Tm, ° C.                                                                            152             151   150   150                                  Delta H, J/g 61.6            62.4  63.7  63.3                                 Tc, ° C.                                                                            101             102   103   103                                  Delta H, J/g 73.7            73.3  73.2  72.8                                 ______________________________________                                                     11      12      13    14    15                                   ______________________________________                                        Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      586     572     579   596   648                                  Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       18.2    17.4    18.5  18.8  19.8                                 Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      666     666     666   666   666                                  Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      14.8    14.9    13.3  13.7  14.7                                 Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       348     322     323   342   342                                  Hardness Shore D                                                                           57      56      57    57    56                                   Notched Izod Impact,                                                                       563     574     116   184   565                                  J/m                                                                           -30° C., J/m                                                                        40.9    34.9    34.4  27.0  29.0                                 Unnotched Izod Impact,                                                                     840     780     847   772   756                                  J/m                                                                           Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1541    1S23    1505  1557  15 39                                Total E, J   22.8    23.0    20.7  21.9  23.0                                 ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE 18Ci                                  __________________________________________________________________________    ADHESION TEST                                                                 % Adhesion         % Adhesion                                                 SAMPLE                                                                             Test 1                                                                             Test 2                                                                            Test 3                                                                             SAMPLE                                                                             Test 1                                                                             Test 2                                                                            Test 3                                       __________________________________________________________________________    PP   0    0        PP   0    2                                                1    0    2        1    0    0                                                2    19   32       2    0    1                                                3    5    1        3    1    5                                                4    49   23  36   4    0    0                                                5    61   57  59   5    0    0                                                6    80   99  90   6    65   52  58                                           7    100  78  89   7    26   5   16                                           8    77   62  70   8    43   30  36                                           9    91   90  90   9    90   98  94                                           10   93   98  96   10   82   91  6                                                               11   80   94  87                                           __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 18Cii                                                     ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                    S1                                                                    (SAMPLE)                                                                              W/IPA                                                          ______________________________________                                               6       100%                                                                  7       100%                                                                  9       100%                                                                  10       96%                                                                  11      100%                                                                  14      100%                                                           ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE Ciii                                                      ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                    S1       S2                                                    (SAMPLE)       W/O IPA  W/O IPA                                               ______________________________________                                        11             97       100                                                   12             0        4                                                     13             82       88                                                    14             95       98                                                    15             7        9                                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 19A                                                       ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                   Sample   TPO.sup.1                                                                             MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                             M-2070    Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                        1        99.7%   --         --        0.3%                                    2        84.7%   15%        --        0.3                                     3        79.7%   20%        --        0.3%                                    4        69.7%   30%        --        0.3%                                    5        80.7%   15%        4%        0.3%                                    6        78.7%   15%        6%        0.3%                                    7        75.7%   20%        4%        0.3%                                    8        73.7%   20%        6%        0.3%                                    9        71.7%   20%        8%        0.3%                                    10       65.7%   30%        4%        0.3%                                    11       63.7%   30%        6%        0.3%                                    12       61.7%   30%        8%        0.3%                                    13       80.7%   15%        4%        0.3%                                    14       78.7%   15%        6%        0.3%                                    15       75.7%   20%        4%        0.3%                                    16       73.7%   20%        6%        0.3%                                    17       71.7%   20%        8%        0.3%                                    18       65.7%   30%        4%        0.3%                                    19       63.7%   30%        6%        0.3%                                    20       61.7%   30%        8%        0.3%                                    ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 HIMONT CA53A                                                           .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                                      TABLE 19B                                   __________________________________________________________________________                 1   2   3   4   5                                                __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      1234                                                                              1314                                                                              1329                                                                              1379                                                                              1351                                             Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       39.1                                                                              41.6                                                                              42.5                                                                              43.9                                                                              39.9                                             Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      186 59  18  10  159                                              Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      25.3                                                                              25.9                                                                              26.4                                                                              26.5                                                                              25.1                                             Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       694 732 789 809 715                                              Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   69.3                                                                              47.0                                                                              43.3                                                                              25.2                                                                              57.2                                             -30° C., J/m                                                                        33.5                                                                              19.1                                                                              17.7                                                                              16.5                                                                              18.8                                             Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 1413                                                                              1095                                                                              965 694 945                                              Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              2096                                                                              2148                                                                              1010                                                                              344 1137                                             Total E, J   30.9                                                                              29.8                                                                              4.69                                                                              1.46                                                                              5.70                                             DSC                                                                           Tm, ° C.                                                                            166 165     164 165                                              Delta H, J/g 86.6                                                                              85.8    95.2                                                                              94.2                                             Tc, ° C.                                                                            109 109     110 109                                              Delta H, J/g 106 105     104 99.3                                             __________________________________________________________________________                 6   7   8   9   10  11                                           __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      1128                                                                              1253                                                                              1108                                                                              1017                                                                              1280                                                                              1186                                         Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       31.6                                                                              37  28.4                                                                              23  35.4                                                                              31.4                                         Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      11  19  8.8 8.3 8.3 6.9                                          Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      20.8                                                                              24.1                                                                              20  17.6                                                                              22.8                                                                              20.4                                         Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       661 708 677 624 742 701                                          Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   72.5                                                                              50.4                                                                              47.1                                                                              42.2                                                                              26.6                                                                              17.7                                         30° C., J/m                                                                         15.2                                                                              11.7                                                                              10.2                                                                              9.5 7.5 6.6                                          Unnotched Izod Impact,                                                                     262 475 178 172 241 191                                          J/m                                                                           Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              630 356 329 368 219 220                                          Total E, J   3.53                                                                              1.63                                                                              2.66                                                                              2.37                                                                              1.2 1.23                                         DSC                                                                           Tm, °0 C.                                                                           165 165 166 164 164 164                                          Delta H, J/g 93.9                                                                              97.3                                                                              95.7                                                                              91.4                                                                              97.7                                                                              93.5                                         Tc, ° C.                                                                            109 109 110 109 110 108                                          Delta H, J/g 98  101 7.1 96  101 97.3                                         __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 19C                                   __________________________________________________________________________    ADHESION TEST                                                                 __________________________________________________________________________    % Adhesion         % Adhesion                                                 SAMPLE                                                                             Test 1                                                                             Test 2                                                                            Test 3                                                                             SAMPLE                                                                             Test 1                                                                             Test 2                                                                            Test 3                                       __________________________________________________________________________    PP.sup.1                                                                           0    0        PP   0    2                                                1    0    2        1    0    0                                                2    19   32       2    0    1                                                3    5    1        3    0    5                                                4    49   23  36   4    0    0                                                5    61   57            0    0                                                6    80   99  90   6    65   52  58                                           7    100  78  89   7    26   5   16                                           8    77   62  70   8    43   30  36                                           9    91   90  90   9    90   98  94                                           10   93   98  96   10   82   91  6                                                               11   80   94  87                                           __________________________________________________________________________            % Adhesion        % Adhesion                                          Sample  Test 1                                                                              Test 2                                                                              Sample                                                                              Test 1                                                                              Test 2                                        __________________________________________________________________________    13      0%    0%    13    0%    0%                                            14      0%    0%    14    0%    6%                                            15      1%    0%    15    20%   1%                                            16      0%    11%   16    4%    36%                                           17      0%    0%    17    0%    3%                                            18      28%   17%   18    23%   26%                                           19      22%   13%   19    13%   11%                                           20      89%   62%   20    27%   21%                                           __________________________________________________________________________     .sup.1 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 20A                                                       ______________________________________                                                               JEFFAMINE ®    Phe-                                Sample                                                                              PP.sup.1                                                                              MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                           M-2070    EP RUBBER.sup.3                                                                        nol                                 ______________________________________                                        1     74.7%   5%       --        20%                                          2     69.7%   10%      --        20%      0.3%                                3     59.7%   15%      --        25%      0.3%                                4     70.7%   5%       4%        20%      0.3%                                5     68.7%   5%       6%        20%      0.3%                                6     66.7%   5%       8%        20%      0.3%                                7     65.7%   10%      4%        20%      0.3%                                8     63.7%   10%      6%        20%      0.3%                                9     61.7%   10%      8%        20%      0.3%                                10    55.7%   15%      4%        25%      0.3%                                11    53.7%   15%      6%        25%      0.3%                                12    51.7%   15%      8%        25%      0.3%                                ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 AMOCO 1016                                                             .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                            .sup.3 VISTALON                                                          

                  TABLE 20B                                                       ______________________________________                                                       1        2       3      4                                      ______________________________________                                        Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                        1342     1411    1333   1359                                   Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                         38.6     40.2    36.5   36.4                                   Tensile Elongation, %                                                                        168      140     173    451                                    Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                        25.2     25.4    22.7   22.5                                   Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                         731      750     699    671                                    Hardness, Shore D                                                                            66       69      64     67                                     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                     108      59      107    338                                    -30° C., J/m                                                                          17.6     16.6    18.0   23.1                                   Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   1106     1199    1311   1252                                   Falling Dart Impact                                                           Maximum Load, J/m                                                                            2045     2035    1826   1879                                   -30° C., J/m                                                                          3417     3351    3122   2888                                   Total Energy, J                                                                              30.0     29.2    26.2   25.9                                   -30° C., J                                                                            41.9     34.6    39.4   22.2                                   ______________________________________                                                       5        6       7      8                                      ______________________________________                                        Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                        1070     1029    1168   1064                                   Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                         29.6     28.0    31.6   28.3                                   Tensile Elongation, %                                                                        125      106     188    119                                    Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                        19.1     18.1    19.9   18.2                                   Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                         575      552     595    555                                    Hardness, Shore D                                                                            63       61      64     63                                     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                     361      444     273    286                                    -30° C., J/m                                                                          28.4     43.8    19.2   18.4                                   Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   867      816     874    785                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                           Maximum Load, J/m                                                                            1710     1495    1858   1338                                   -30° C., J/m                                                                          920      595     2101   385                                    Total Energy, J                                                                              18.5     14.8    22.8   13.5                                   -30° C., J                                                                            30.5     2.19    12.4   1.58                                   ______________________________________                                                       9        10      11     12                                     ______________________________________                                        Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                        1006     1078    968    915                                    Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                         26.4     28.8    26.4   24.0                                   Tensile Elongation, %                                                                        122      196     184    40                                     Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                        17.1     18.2    17.2   15.6                                   Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                         523      553     527    500                                    Hardness, Shore D                                                                            61       62      61     60                                     Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                     256      277     240    127                                    -30° C., J/m                                                                          24.0     25.0    26.4   13.8                                   Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   729      904     860    782                                    Falling Dart Impact                                                           Maximum Load, J/m                                                                            1024     1606    1317   1110                                   -30° C., J/m                                                                          339      1021    500    561                                    Total Energy, J                                                                              9.2      18.9    13.5   9.9                                    -30° C., J                                                                            1.74     4.31    2.50   2.69                                   ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 20C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                               S1        S2       S1      S2                                       SAMPLE    W/IPA     W/IPA    W/O IPA W/O IPA                                  ______________________________________                                        1         9%        20%      0%      2%                                       2         19%       44%      11%     13%                                      3         50%       89%      99%     100%                                     4         40%       59%      37%     52%                                      5         29%       55%      5%      33%                                      6         92%       100%     4%      39%                                      7         82%       89%      28%     32%                                      8         95%       100%     68%     100%                                     9         97%       78%      70%     75%                                      10        83%       100%     99%     100%                                     11        99%       100%     82%     96%                                      12        92%       100%     100%    100%                                     ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 21A                                                       ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                   Sample   TPO.sup.1                                                                             MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                             M-2070    Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                        1          100%  --         --        0.3%                                    2          90%   10%        --        0.3%                                    3          85%   15%        --        0.3%                                    4          80%   20%        --        --                                      5        85.8%   10%        4%        0.2%                                    6        83.8%   10%        6%        0.2%                                    7        80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                    8        78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                    9        75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                    10       73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                    11       80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                    12       78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                    13       75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                    14       73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                    ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 DEXFLEX D161                                                           .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                                      TABLE 21B                                   __________________________________________________________________________                 1    2   3    4     5                                            __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      944  985 1050 1101  857                                          Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       25.1 27.4                                                                              29.3 30.7  23.9                                         Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      506  186 116  78    466                                          Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      17.8 18.7                                                                              19.5 20.1  16.8                                         Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       551  581 629  654   491                                          Hardness Shore D                                                                           63   65  67   68    63                                           Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   576  343 84   54    475                                          -30° C., J/m                                                                        35.9 31.5                                                                              25.1 16.9  33.6                                         Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 1027 965 1174 1066  944                                          Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1669 1678                                                                              1703 1721  1509                                         -30° C., J/m                                                                        2980 3140                                                                              3094 2880  2397                                         Total E, J   24.1 22.8                                                                              22.7 21.8  21.9                                         -30° C., J                                                                          36.9 38.0                                                                              29.7 17.0  28.8                                         __________________________________________________________________________                 6    7    8    9    10                                           __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      748  832  745  788  804                                          Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       20.8 23.0 20.4 22.6 22.4                                         Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      71   100  31   26   18                                           Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      14.7 16.1 14.5 16.3 15.0                                         Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       445  486  451  492  460                                          Hardness Shore D                                                                           61   64   451  61   60                                           Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   331  252  60   74   56                                           -30° C., J/m                                                                        37.8 22.2 144  17.2 18.3                                         Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 736  737  22.7 419  310                                          Falling Dart Impact422                                                        Max Load, J/m                                                                              1340 1408 1047 1047 704                                          -30° C., J/m                                                                        550  422  356  411  339                                          Total E, J   15.1 15.7 9.0  7.4  5.1                                          -30° C., J                                                                          1.31 0.82 0.62 0.70 0.53                                         __________________________________________________________________________                 11   12   13   14                                                __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      892  802  945  874                                               Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       26.2 23.7 27.1 25.4                                              Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      221  511  187  370                                               Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      18.1 16.8 18.3 17.4                                              Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       525  467  539  495                                               Hardness Shore D                                                                           63   63   64   61                                                Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   159  511  99   118                                               -30° C., J/m                                                                        26.6 25.9 20.6 18.7                                              Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 1020 934  1174 913                                               Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1610 1603 1591 1618                                              -30° C., J/m                                                                        2655 1541 1517 1259                                              Total E, J   22.4 23.6 19.1 19.5                                              -30° C., J                                                                          20.8 5.45 6.24 4.88                                              __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 21C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                               S1        S2       S1      S2                                       SAMPLE    W/IPA     W/IPA    W/O IPA W/O IPA                                  ______________________________________                                        PP.sup.1  0.00      0.00     0.00                                             1         3         18       78      27                                       2         63        63       94      48                                       3         79        59       62      100                                      4         0.00      14       87      83                                       5         100       100      100     100                                      6         100       100      100     100                                      7         100       100      99      100                                      8         100       100      97      100                                      9         100       100      100     100                                      10        100       100      100     100                                      11        67        67       94      88                                       12        62        62       10      22                                       13        100       100      100     100                                      14        100       100      100     100                                      ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 22A                                                       ______________________________________                                                                    JEFFAMINE ®                                   Sample   TPO.sup.1                                                                             MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                             M-2070    Phenol                                  ______________________________________                                        1         100%   --         --        --                                      2          90%   10%        --        --                                      3          85%   15%        --        --                                      4          80%   20%        --        --                                      5        85.8%   10%        4%        0.2%                                    6        83.8%   10%        6%        0.2%                                    7        80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                    8        78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                    9        75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                    10       73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                    11       80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                    12       78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                    13       75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                    14       73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                    ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 STAMYLAN P                                                             .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                                      TABLE 22B                                   __________________________________________________________________________               1   2   3   4   5   6   7                                          __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                    1053                                                                              1123                                                                              1185                                                                              1259                                                                              1100                                                                              1025                                                                              1040                                       Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                     32.3                                                                              35.3                                                                              36.5                                                                              38.9                                                                              32.7                                                                              30.0                                                                              31.0                                       Tensile Elongation, %                                                                    453 173 141 36  168 30  22                                         Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                    21.2                                                                              22.7                                                                              23.1                                                                              23.7                                                                              21.5                                                                              19.9                                                                              20.3                                       Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                     568 647 665 696 581 571 592                                        Notched Izod Impact,                                                                     716 607 159 118 519 482 219                                        J/m                                                                           30° C., J/m                                                                       77.4                                                                              43.5                                                                              34.7                                                                              23.5                                                                              37.0                                                                              47.8                                                                              33.5                                       Unnotched Izod Impact,                                                                   1075                                                                              1246                                                                              1078                                                                              1124                                                                              911 853 629                                        J/m                                                                           Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                            1987                                                                              2002                                                                              2013                                                                              2052                                                                              1853                                                                              1614                                                                              1632                                       30° C., J/m                                                                       3562                                                                              3721                                                                              2804                                                                              1154                                                                              1464                                                                              461 503                                        Total Energy, J                                                                          31.4                                                                              31.1                                                                              30.0                                                                              28.8                                                                              25.9                                                                              17.4                                                                              18.1                                       30° C., J                                                                         45.2                                                                              42.7                                                                              17.2                                                                              3.6 5.3 0.9 1.0                                        __________________________________________________________________________               8   9   10  11  12  13  14                                         __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                    995 1062                                                                              999 1107                                                                              1083                                                                              1131                                                                              1076                                       Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                     26.9                                                                              30.8                                                                              28.4                                                                              33.9                                                                              32.2                                                                              34.0                                                                              32.5                                       Tensile Elongation, %                                                                    14  15  11  218 483 80  230                                        Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                    18.3                                                                              19.9                                                                              18.5                                                                              21.4                                                                              20.1                                                                              21.7                                                                              20.8                                       Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                     542 582 560 587 517 619 582                                        Notched Izod Impact,                                                                     238 109 104 495 563 145 157                                        J/m                                                                           -30° C., J/m                                                                      34.6                                                                              24.2                                                                              22.7                                                                              27.1                                                                              39.8                                                                              28.5                                                                              26.8                                       Unnotched Izod Impact,                                                                   514 464 336 1029                                                                              1008                                                                              1004                                                                              863                                        J/m                                                                           Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                            1301                                                                              1003                                                                              1021                                                                              2017                                                                              2002                                                                              941 1878                                       -30° C., J/m                                                                      460 455     3633                                                                              1244                                                                              1140                                                                              1193                                       Total Energy, J                                                                          11.0                                                                              8.3 6.3 30.2                                                                              29.5                                                                              7.9 26.4                                       -30° C., J                                                                        0.7 0.7     26.8                                                                              3.6 3.2 3.5                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 22C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                     ______________________________________                                        DISC SAMPLE                                                                             S1       S2       S1       S2                                       TAPE      3M.sup.1 3M       NICHIBAN NICHIBAN                                 SAMPLE    W/IPA    W/IPA    W/O IPA  W/O IPA                                  ______________________________________                                        1         6%       0%       0%       3%                                       2         1%       0%       14%      1%                                       3         1%       0%       7%       2%                                       4         0%       6%       1%       15%                                      5         45%      80%      83%      32%                                      6         96%      98%      96%      100%                                     7         88%      96%      82%      92%                                      8         89%      78%      74%      96%                                      9         94%      87%      100%     98%                                      10        99%      100%     100%     100%                                     11        3%       47%      20%      27%                                      12        7%       1%       2%       3%                                       13        38%      79%      35%      78%                                      14        85%      65%      100%     97%                                      ______________________________________                                        DISC SAMPLE                                                                              S1       S2       S1      S2                                       SAMPLE     W/IPA    W/IPA    W/O IPA W/O IPA                                  ______________________________________                                        1          4%       1%       5%      0%                                       2          0%       0%       7%      0%                                       3          4%       0%       4%      10%                                      4          9%       1%       17%     1%                                       5          26%      79%      57%     46%                                      6          95%      90%      93%     92%                                      7          95%      89%      94%     89%                                      8          83%      84%      97%     97%                                      9          85%      94%      98%     96%                                      10         96%      88%      99%     97%                                      11         83%      58%      90%     71%                                      12         0%       5%       8%      20%                                      13         86%      95%      74%     92%                                      14         97%      86%      92%     98%                                      15.sup.1   98%      98%      100%    100%                                     ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                      .sup.1 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6%      Jeffamine ® M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.                                  

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 23A                                                       ______________________________________                                                               JEFFAMINE ®    Phe-                                Sample                                                                              PP.sup.1                                                                              MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                           M-2070    EP RUBBER.sup.3                                                                        nol                                 ______________________________________                                        1     69.7%   --       --        30%      0.3%                                2     59.7%   10%      --        30%      0.3%                                3     56.7%   13%      --        30%      0.3%                                4     52.2%   17.5%    --        30%      0.3%                                5     57.7%   10%      2%        30%      0.3%                                6     55.7%   10%      4%        30%      0.3%                                7     53.7%   10%      6%        30%      0.3%                                8     54.7%   13%      2%        30%      0.3%                                9     52.7%   13%      4%        30%      0.3%                                10    50.7%   13%      6%        30%      0.3%                                11    50.2%   17.5%    2%        30%      0.3%                                12    48.2%   17.5%    4%        30%      0.3%                                13    46.2%   17.5%    6%        30%      0.3%                                14    57.7%   10%      2%        30%      0.3%                                15    55.7%   10%      4%        30%      0.3%                                16    53.7%   10%      6%        30%      0.3%                                17    54.7%   13%      2%        30%      0.3%                                18    52.7%   13%      4%        30%      0.3%                                19    50.7%   13%      6%        30%      0.3%                                20    50.2%   17.5%    2%        30%      0.3%                                21    48.2%   17.5%    4%        30%      0.3%                                22    46.2%   17.5%    6%        30%      0.3%                                ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 AMOCO 1016                                                             .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                            .sup.3 VISTALON 878                                                      

                                      TABLE 23B                                   __________________________________________________________________________                 1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      1064                                                                              1095                                                                              1166                                                                              1156                                                                              1062                                                                              843 741 959                                  Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       28.5                                                                              29.7                                                                              32.5                                                                              31.3                                                                              27.4                                                                              22.8                                                                              20.1                                                                              25.7                                 Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      483 211 181 151 252 356 107 316                                  Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      19.5                                                                              19.7                                                                              20.2                                                                              19.2                                                                              18.1                                                                              15.2                                                                              13.7                                                                              16.6                                 Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       583 608 608 611 551 456 412 487                                  Hardness, Shore D                                                                          64  63  65  64  61  60  59  59                                   Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   576 436 252 161 510 449 450 427                                  -30° C., J/m                                                                        58.4                                                                              28.0                                                                              22.2                                                                              26.0                                                                              33.0                                                                              54.3                                                                              54.9                                                                              31.4                                 Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 979 957 976 867 955 847 815 819                                  Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1711                                                                              1760                                                                              1710                                                                              1607                                                                              1565                                                                              1431                                                                              1199                                                                              1514                                 -30+ C., J/m 3096                                                                              3236                                                                              3245                                                                              3177                                                                              3014                                                                              1487                                                                              802 2962                                 Total Energy, J                                                                            25.5                                                                              29.2                                                                              22.5                                                                              20.6                                                                              27.3                                                                              18.1                                                                              14.2                                                                              20.0                                 -30° C., J                                                                          39.1                                                                              41.5                                                                              42.6                                                                              37.4                                                                              40.1                                                                              6.8 3.6 19.6                                 Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5   5                                    -30° C./5                                                                           5   5   5   3   5   0   0   0                                    __________________________________________________________________________                 9   10  11  12  13  14  15  16                                   __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      798 746 863 792 709 991 964 907                                  Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       22.2                                                                              20.3                                                                              23.9                                                                              21.8                                                                              19.5                                                                              26.8                                                                              25.4                                                                              23.6                                 Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      157 65  252 94  33  498 494 656                                  Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      15.0                                                                              13.7                                                                              16.3                                                                              14.9                                                                              13.6                                                                              18.1                                                                              17.3                                                                              17.5                                 Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       437 387 476 436 408 503 479 437                                  Hardness, Shore D                                                                          61  59  61  60  60  62  59  58                                   Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   439 384 258 271 205 530 575 586                                  -30° C., J/m                                                                        40.9                                                                              31.0                                                                              25.5                                                                              28.6                                                                              29.8                                                                              49.8                                                                              33.9                                                                              56.1                                 Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 818 679 712 778 665 1146                                                                              1108                                                                              1012                                 Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1370                                                                              1224                                                                              1452                                                                              1258                                                                              1027                                                                              1649                                                                              1631                                                                              1554                                 -30° C., J/m                                                                        1224                                                                              718 1229                                                                              580 487 3098                                                                              3096                                                                              3060                                 Total Energy, J                                                                            16.1                                                                              14.6                                                                              18.6                                                                              13.9                                                                              11.9                                                                              24.0                                                                              23.6                                                                              23.8                                 -30° C.,                                                                            5.0 3.4 5.8 2.6 3.4 40.0                                                                              40.1                                                                              39.8                                 Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5   5                                    -30° C./5                                                                           0   0   0   0   0   5   5   5                                    __________________________________________________________________________                   17   18   19   20   21   22                                    __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                        986  946  921  964  922  889                                   Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                         27.2 25.0 23.5 26.4 24.8 23.0                                  Tensile Elongation, %                                                                        511  578  605  87   109  202                                   Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                        1.67 16.0 15.7 17.7 16.7 16.2                                  Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                         456  439  404  518  477  475                                   Hardness, Shore D                                                                            62   60   58   62   62   54                                    Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                     463  549  594  209  357  551                                   -30° C., J/m                                                                          27.7 30.9 34.1 19.9 30.2 24.7                                  Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   996  922  804  899  1011 774                                   Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m  1541 1602 1534 1484 1429 1418                                  -30° C., J/m                                                                          3199 3171 3131 2932 3215 3225                                  Total Energy, J                                                                              20.9 22.8 22.2 18.2 18.4 20.6                                  -30° C., J                                                                            41.6 41.9 41.4 24.4 40.6 41.8                                  Ductile/5      5    5    5    5    5    5                                     -30° C./5                                                                             5    5    5    1    5    5                                     __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 23C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                S1      S2        S1     S2                                        (SAMPLE)   W/IPA   W/IPA     W/O IPA                                                                              W/O IPA                                   ______________________________________                                        PP.sup.1   0%                0%                                                1         94%     72%       35%    1%                                         2         74%     57%       73%    45%                                        3         10%     25%       26%    36%                                        4         80%     62%       16%    24%                                        5         94%     97%       54%    94%                                        6         99%     100%      94%    97%                                        7         100%    100%      100%   100%                                       8         100%    100%      100%   100%                                       9         100%    100%      100%   100%                                      10         100%    100%      100%   100%                                      11         100%    100%      97%    100%                                      12         100%    100%      100%   100%                                      13         97%     95%       98%    100%                                      14         94%     100%      69%    79%                                       15         65%     59%       0%     0%                                        16         39%     52%       0%     0%                                        17         100%    100%      67%    71%                                       18         85%     88%       8%     2%                                        19         75%     43%       20%    3%                                        20         100%    100%      99%    100%                                      21         100%    100%      93%    100%                                      22         83%     78%       2%     2%                                        ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 24A                                                       ______________________________________                                                                   JEFFAMINE ®                                    Sample  TPO.sup.1                                                                             MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                             M-2070    Phenol                                   ______________________________________                                        1        100%   --         --        --                                       2         90%   10%        --        --                                       3         85%   15%        --        --                                       4         80%   20%        --        --                                       5       85.8%   10%        4%        0.2%                                     6       83.8%   10%        6%        0.2%                                     7       80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                     8       78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                     9       75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                     10      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                     11      80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                     12      78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                     13      75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                     14      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                     ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 KELTAN TP 05522                                                        .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                                      TABLE 24B                                   __________________________________________________________________________                 1   2   3   4   5   6   7                                        __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      915 971 1034                                                                              1076                                                                              799 724 780                                      Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       23.1                                                                              25.5                                                                              27.6                                                                              28.4                                                                              21.5                                                                              18.4                                                                              21.1                                     Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      529 61  36  16  38  20  17                                       Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      15.6                                                                              16.1                                                                              16.6                                                                              17.0                                                                              14.8                                                                              13.4                                                                              14.8                                     Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       504 534 570 588 459 432 461                                      Hardness, Shore D                                                                          61  61  63  64  58  56  58                                       Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   669 551 160 111 486 402 413                                      -30° C., J/m                                                                        700 101 71.3                                                                              56.7                                                                              96.4                                                                              75.6                                                                              70.6                                     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 944 877 942 937 810 706 805                                      Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1695                                                                              1732                                                                              1399                                                                              1747                                                                              1522                                                                              1178                                                                              1453                                     -30° C., J/m                                                                        2912                                                                              3013                                                                              3110                                                                              2932                                                                              1389                                                                              529 839                                      Total Energy, J                                                                            27.8                                                                              26.9                                                                              21.0                                                                              22.2                                                                              19.0                                                                              14.4                                                                              17.8                                     -30° C., J                                                                          40.5                                                                              40.6                                                                              29.9                                                                              18.6                                                                              5.4 4.2 4.3                                      Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5                                        -30° C./5                                                                           5   5   1   0   0   0   0                                        __________________________________________________________________________                 8   9   10  11  12  13  14                                       __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      718 812 760 863 798 871 845                                      Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       19.0                                                                              21.7                                                                              19.9                                                                              22.8                                                                              21.6                                                                              23.4                                                                              22.9                                     Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      12  11  11  82  478 65  92                                       Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      13.7                                                                              15.0                                                                              13.9                                                                              15.7                                                                              15.6                                                                              16.3                                                                              16.1                                     Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       441 487 462 473 463 486 478                                      Hardness, Shore D                                                                          56  59  58  62  59  61  61                                       Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   438 128 200 519 620 147 166                                      -30° C., J/m                                                                        42.3                                                                              38.4                                                                              29.1                                                                              61.7                                                                              44.1                                                                              50.8                                                                              37.7                                     Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 570 574 374 850 855 905 828                                      Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1155                                                                              1284                                                                              924 1544                                                                              1579                                                                              1516                                                                              1544                                     -30° C., J/m                                                                        454 545 487 2989                                                                              2300                                                                              2287                                                                              1526                                     Total Energy, J                                                                            13.2                                                                              10.7                                                                              6.7 19.9                                                                              24.4                                                                              16.3                                                                              21.1                                     -30° C., J                                                                          3.4 2.9 3.6 22.3                                                                              12.0                                                                              10.8                                                                              10.4                                     Ductile/5    5   0   0   5   5   0   5                                        -30° C./5                                                                           0   0   0   0   0   0   0                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 24C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                                S1      S2        S1     S2                                        (SAMPLE)   W/IPA   W/IPA     W/O IPA                                                                              W/O IPA                                   ______________________________________                                        PP.sup.1   0%                0%                                                1         96%     88%       86%    90%                                        2         72%     75%       53%    24%                                        3         69%     41%       43%    10%                                        4         41%     15%       40%    3%                                         5         100%    100%      100%   100%                                       6         100%    100%      100%   100%                                       7         100%    100%      100%   100%                                       8         100%    100%      100%   100%                                       9         100%    100%      100%   100%                                      10         100%    100%      99%    100%                                      11         100%    100%      100%   100%                                      12         98%     100%      78%    3%                                        13         100%    88%       100%   100%                                      14         100%    100%      100%   100%                                      .sup. 15.sup.2                                                                           100%    100%                                                       ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 Control                                                                .sup.2 Reactive extrusion product of 73% STAMYLAN P, 20% EPOLENE E43, 6%      Jeffamine ® M2070, and 0.2% Phenol.                                  

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 25A                                                       ______________________________________                                        Sample                                                                              PP.sup.1 MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                           AMINE.sup.3                                                                           EP RUBBER.sup.4                                                                        Phenol                               ______________________________________                                        1     74.7%    5%       --      20%      0.3%                                 2     69.7%    10%      --      20%      0.3%                                 3     59.7     15%      --      25%      0.3%                                 4     70.7%    5%       4%      20%      0.3%                                 5     68.7%    5%       6%      20%      0.3%                                 6     66.7%    5%       8%      20%      0.3%                                 7     65.7%    10%      4%      20%      0.3%                                 8     63.7%    10%      6%      20%      0.3%                                 9     61.7%    10%      8%      20%      0.3%                                 10    55.7%    15%      4%      25%      0.3%                                 11    53.7%    15%      6%      25%      0.3%                                 12    51.7%    15%      8%      25%      0.3%                                 ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 AMOCO 1016                                                             .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                            .sup.3 A polyether monoamine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4       propylene oxide units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary for     JEFFAMINE ® M2070                                                         .sup.4 VISTALON 878                                                      

                                      TABLE 25B                                   __________________________________________________________________________                 1   2    3   4   5    6                                          __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      1233                                                                              1218 1134                                                                              1197                                                                              1098 994                                        Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       35.1                                                                              35.2 31.7                                                                              33.0                                                                              30.9 28.6                                       Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      189 182  148 159 262  116                                        Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      23.7                                                                              23.6 21.3                                                                              22.0                                                                              20.3 18.4                                       Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       642 648  612 618 580  527                                        Hardness, Shore D                                                                          64  65   63  65  63   62                                         Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   128 82   100 282 451  470                                        -30° C., J/m                                                                        15.2                                                                              16.2 17.2                                                                              16.0                                                                              15.6 23.1                                       Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 1056                                                                              1237 1144                                                                              1091                                                                              969  981                                        Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1915                                                                              1848 1728                                                                              1788                                                                              1753 1408                                       -30° C., J/m                                                                        3480                                                                              3496 3325                                                                              2495                                                                              2191 479                                        Total Energy, J                                                                            27.0                                                                              25.2 22.2                                                                              22.9                                                                              22.5 14.2                                       -30° C., J                                                                          43.5                                                                              40.0 42.2                                                                              20.4                                                                              9.6  2.0                                        Ductile/5    5   5    5   5   5    5                                          -30° C./5                                                                           5   4    5   2   0    0                                          __________________________________________________________________________                 7   8    9   10  11   12                                         __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      1161                                                                              1029 970 976 922  910                                        Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       32.1                                                                              29.2 28.5                                                                              26.8                                                                              25.6 25.3                                       Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      374 240  118 376 474  185                                        Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      20.5                                                                              18.9 18.3                                                                              17.7                                                                              16.0 17.0                                       Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       570 552  521 505 469  486                                        Hardness, Shore D                                                                          64  61   60  61  60   60                                         Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   366 383  315 391 425  341                                        -30° C., J/m                                                                        17.9                                                                              16.8 19.2                                                                              20.2                                                                              19.8 17.6                                       Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 893 781  854 857 799  827                                        Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1787                                                                              1449 1046                                                                              1546                                                                              1252 995                                        -30° C., J/m                                                                        3079                                                                              588  542 1668                                                                              676  492                                        Total Energy, J                                                                            23.5                                                                              14.8 10.2                                                                              18.4                                                                              13.2 10.0                                       -30° C., J                                                                          20.8                                                                              2.6  2.6 7.0 2.6  2.2                                        Ductile/5    5   5    5   5   5    5                                          -30° C./5                                                                           0   0    0   0   0    0                                          __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 25C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                     DISK                                                                          SAMPLE S1               S2     S1      S2                                     TAPE   3M.sup.1         3M     NICHIBAN                                                                              NICHIBAN                               SAMPLE W/O IPA          W/O IPA                                                                              W/O IPA W/O IPA                                ______________________________________                                        PP.sup.2                                                                             0%                      1%                                             1      8%       4%      1%     12%     49%                                    2      1%       2%      4%     39%     43%                                    3      87%      90%     91%    97%     100%                                   4      49%      53%     57%    87%     95%                                    5      98%      98%     97%    100%    100%                                   6      99%      100%    100%   100%    100%                                   7      100%     100%    99%    100%    100%                                   8      98%      99%     100%   100%    100%                                   9      100%     100%    100%   100%    100%                                   10     100%             100%   100%    100%                                   11     100%             100%   100%    100%                                   12     100%             100%   100%    100%                                   ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                      .sup.2 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 26A                                                       ______________________________________                                                                   JEFFAMINE ®                                    Sample  TPO.sup.1                                                                             MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                             M-2070    Phenol                                   ______________________________________                                        1        100%   --         --        --                                       2         90%   10%        --        --                                       3         85%   15%        --        --                                       4         80%   20%        --        --                                       5       85.8%   10%        4%        0.2%                                     6       83.8%   10%        6%        0.2%                                     7       80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                     8       78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                     9       75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                     10      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                     11      80.8%   15%        4%        0.2%                                     12      78.8%   15%        6%        0.2%                                     13      75.8%   20%        4%        0.2%                                     14      73.8%   20%        6%        0.2%                                     ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 KELTAN TP 2632                                                         .sup.2 EPOLENE E43                                                       

                                      TABLE 26B                                   __________________________________________________________________________                 1   2   3   4   5   6   7                                        __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      1648                                                                              1838                                                                              1863                                                                              1895                                                                              1537                                                                              1314                                                                              1415                                     Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       26.9                                                                              32.7                                                                              33.9                                                                              34.2                                                                              27.5                                                                              23.8                                                                              25.7                                     Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      93  6   4   2   9   9   6                                        Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      15.9                                                                              18.7                                                                              19.0                                                                              18.9                                                                              17.0                                                                              15.4                                                                              15.9                                     Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       876 1007                                                                              1065                                                                              1080                                                                              881 779 802                                      Hardness, Shore D                                                                          63  64  64  64  62  57  60                                       Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   518 56  98  23  126 204 63                                       -30° C., J/m                                                                        146 36  24  14  27  32  19                                       Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 1147                                                                              923 691 327 920 508 417                                      Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1496                                                                              1644                                                                              1628                                                                              1222                                                                              1408                                                                              1044                                                                              916                                      -30° C., J/m                                                                        2499                                                                              2662                                                                              2371                                                                              799 1040                                                                              597 566                                      Total Energy, J                                                                            22.0                                                                              21.1                                                                              20.1                                                                              9.72                                                                              16.7                                                                              10.1                                                                              8.45                                     -30° C., J                                                                          34.7                                                                              21.6                                                                              13.1                                                                              5.14                                                                              3.61                                                                              3.15                                                                              2.96                                     Ductile/5    5   5   5   0   3   5   0                                        -30° C./5                                                                           5   0   0   0   0   0   0                                        __________________________________________________________________________                 8   9   10  11  12  13  14                                       __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      1285                                                                              1439                                                                              1261                                                                              1356                                                                              1173                                                                              1479                                                                              1323                                     Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       22.8                                                                              25.8                                                                              22.6                                                                              27.6                                                                              26.1                                                                              28.7                                                                              27.0                                     Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      6   4   5   8   10  4   6                                        Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      15.0                                                                              16.4                                                                              14.9                                                                              17.7                                                                              17.4                                                                              17.4                                                                              17.0                                     Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       767 887 777 738 663 862 743                                      Hardness, Shore D                                                                          59  60  60  62  60  61  59                                       Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   58  27  31  55  92  32  40                                       -30° C., J/m                                                                        16  13  12  22  22  15  18                                       Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 313 334 222 691 812 632 771                                      Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              719 492 334 1548                                                                              1555                                                                              929 1207                                     -30° C., J/m                                                                        518 487 472 1923                                                                              1161                                                                              616 812                                      Total Energy, J                                                                            5.92                                                                              4.02                                                                              2.71                                                                              18.9                                                                              19.0                                                                              7.08                                                                              10.8                                     -30° C., J                                                                          3.07                                                                              2.63                                                                              2.82                                                                              7.76                                                                              5.34                                                                              3.85                                                                              4.02                                     Ductile/5    0   0   0   4   5   0   0                                        -30° C./5                                                                           0   0   0   0   0   0   0                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 26C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                     DISC SAMPLE                                                                             S1       S2        S1      S2                                       TAPE      3M.sup.1 3M        NICHIBAN                                                                              NICHIBAN                                 SAMPLE    W/IPA    W/IPA     W/O IPA W/O IPA                                  ______________________________________                                        PP.sup.2  0%                 0%                                               1         77%      84%       65%     92%                                      2         32%      0%        22%     5%                                       3         1%       4%        8%      8%                                       4         0%       0%        7%      13%                                      5         100%     100%      99%     96%                                      6         100%     100%      100%    100%                                     7         100%     100%      95%     82%                                      8         100%     100%      88%     100%                                     9         99%      98%       100%    100%                                     10        100%     100%      100%    100%                                     11        100%     96%       100%    93%                                      12        74%      19%       57%     77%                                      13        83%      62%       100%    64%                                      14        91%      84%       91%     93%                                      ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                      .sup.2 Control                                                           

EXAMPLE

                  TABLE 27A                                                       ______________________________________                                        Sample TPO.sup.1                                                                              MAL-PP.sup.2                                                                            AMINE.sup.3                                                                           Phenol PP.sup.4                             ______________________________________                                        1      99.7%    --        --      0.3%                                        2      84.7%    --        --      0.3%   15%                                  3      79.7%    --        --      0.3%   20%                                  4      89.7%    10%       --      0.3%                                        5      84.7%    15%       --      0.3%                                        6      79.7%    20%       --      0.3%                                        7      85.7%    10%       4%      0.3%                                        8      83.7%    10%       6%      0.3%                                        9      80.7%    15%       4%      0.3%                                        10     78.7%    15%       6%      0.3%                                        11     75.7%    20%       4%      0.3%                                        12     73.7%    20%       6%      0.3%                                        13     71.7%    20%       8%      0.3%                                        ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 HIMINT CA53A                                                           .sup.2 EPOLENE E43?                                                           .sup.3 A polyether monomine containing 40 ethylene oxide units and 2.4        propylene oxide units, generally of the formula shown in the Glossary for     JEFFAMINE ® M2070                                                         .sup.4 AMOCO 1016                                                        

                                      TABLE 27B                                   __________________________________________________________________________                 1   2   3   4   5   6   7                                        __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      510 646 705 588 664 734 546                                      Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       15.8                                                                              19.8                                                                              21.4                                                                              18.7                                                                              20.6                                                                              22.7                                                                              17.2                                     Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      666 666 666 666 666 484 531                                      Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      14.6                                                                              17.0                                                                              18.1                                                                              14.6                                                                              14.6                                                                              15.5                                                                              12.3                                     Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       284 368 394 340 375 414 310                                      Hardness, Shore D                                                                          58  60  60  59  61  62  57                                       Notched Izod Impact,                                                                       589 582 597 529 398 94  499                                      J/m                                                                           -30° C., J/m                                                                        65  47  38  38  37  37  40                                       Unnotched Izod                                                                             722 867 841 727 882 958 704                                      Impact, J/m                                                                   Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1428                                                                              1589                                                                              1632                                                                              1486                                                                              1513                                                                              1529                                                                              1334                                     -30° C., J/m                                                                        3007                                                                              3335                                                                              3506                                                                              3290                                                                              3278                                                                              2610                                                                              889                                      Total Energy, J                                                                            20.6                                                                              22.6                                                                              23.4                                                                              20.9                                                                              20.6                                                                              21.1                                                                              16.0                                     -30° C., J                                                                          39.4                                                                              39.3                                                                              44.6                                                                              43.0                                                                              38.5                                                                              18.0                                                                              3.7                                      Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   5   5                                        -30° C./5                                                                           5   4   5   5   4   0   0                                        __________________________________________________________________________                 8   9   10  11  12  13                                           __________________________________________________________________________    Flexural Modulus, MPa                                                                      502 529 618 603 591 653                                          Stress at Yield, MPa                                                                       16.4                                                                              16.9                                                                              18.6                                                                              18.8                                                                              18.5                                                                              19.6                                         Tensile Elongation, %                                                                      208 245 170 138 37  43                                           Tensile Strength, MPa                                                                      11.7                                                                              12.2                                                                              13.0                                                                              13.5                                                                              13.5                                                                              13.8                                         Young's Modulus, MPa                                                                       299 309 355 348 354 381                                          Hardness, Shore D                                                                          52  58  57  52  57  59                                           Notched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                   443 437 445 310 162 90                                           -30° C., J/m                                                                        46  35  36  28  25  22                                           Unnotched Izod Impact, J/m                                                                 601 642 834 871 732 789                                          Falling Dart Impact                                                           Max Load, J/m                                                                              1180                                                                              1255                                                                              1207                                                                              1263                                                                              1205                                                                              908                                          -30° C., J/m                                                                        760 2344                                                                              1505                                                                              1018                                                                              911 688                                          Total Energy, J                                                                            12.9                                                                              14.1                                                                              14.2                                                                              14.4                                                                              13.2                                                                              7.0                                          -30° C., J                                                                          3.2 12  6.3 3.3 3.1 3.1                                          Ductile/5    5   5   5   5   5   0                                            -30° C./5                                                                           0   0   0   0   0   0                                            __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 27C                                                       ______________________________________                                        CROSS-HATCH ADHESION TEST                                                     DISC SAMPLE                                                                              S1       S2       S1      S2                                       TAPE       3M.sup.1 3M       NICHIBAN                                                                              NICHIBAN                                 SAMPLE     W/O IPA  W/O IPA  W/O IPA W/O IPA                                  ______________________________________                                        pp.sup.2   5%                2%                                               1          29%      67%      74%     92%                                      2          66%      76%      81%     84%                                      3          61%      73%      78%     61%                                      4          100%     98%      100%    98%                                      5          96%      100%     100%    99%                                      6          85%      94%      91%     96%                                      7          100%     100%     100%    100%                                     8          100%     100%     100%    100%                                     9          100%     100%     100%    100%                                     10         100%     100%     100%    100%                                     11         100%     100%     100%    100%                                     12         100%     100%     100%    100%                                     13         100%     100%     100%    100%                                     ______________________________________                                         .sup.1 Scotch Brand 2040                                                      .sup.2 Control                                                           

Examples 18-27 demonstrate that TPO modified with the reaction productof maleated PP and polyether amines of this invention provides acomposition that is directly paintable. This paintability is surprisingand unexpected in that the TPO's used to make automotive body parts,such as bumper fascias, are not directly readily paintable to acommercially acceptable level. Heretofore, in order to render automotiveTPO based molded body parts paintable, the parts were treated with anadhesion promoter comprised of low molecular weight chlorinatedpolyethylene and a solvent, which results in a toxic waste stream thatmust be properly disposed of, and which adds to the cost of the parts.Alternatively, the parts could be heat treated using plasma irradiation,or otherwise partially burning the surface of the parts. This procedureis also expensive and may be, moreover, prone to variability in resultowing to batch to batch variances from procedure and errors by theoperator.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the practice of the presentinvention generally may be directly painted, with or without a primer,such that the paint adhesion is greater than about 75 percent based onthe testing procedure described above for Examples 18-27, preferablygreater than about 85 percent, more preferably greater than about 90percent, and most preferably greater than about 95 percent.

Compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention may beused to prepare molded articles of manufacture using conventional, wellknown, molding techniques under standard conditions. For instance,standard injection molding techniques can be employed. Certaincompositions (blends) of the present invention have surprisingly beenfound to have improved flowability characteristics during injectionmolding of TPO-based compositions such that less pressure may be usedwhen injecting the melted compositions into a mold, as compared tocompositions in which polyetheramine is absent. The desired shape of themolded article may vary depending on end use of the article. Forinstance, rubber containing compositions of the present invention may beinjection molded to manufacture automotive body parts such as bumperfascias.

GLOSSARY

JEFFAMINE M-1000 ##STR4##

JEFFAMINE M-2070 and JEFFAMINE M-2005 ##STR5## where R═H, CH₃, m is fromabout 3 to 32, and n is from about 10 to 32.

JEFFAMINE D-2000. JEFFAMINE D-4000 and JEFFAMINE D-400 ##STR6## where xis about 33 for D-2000, x is about 68 for D-4000 and x is about 5.6 forD-400.

JEFFAMINE ED-600. JEFFAMINE ED-900. JEFFAMINE ED-2001. JEFFAMINEED-4000, and JEFFAMINE ED-6000 ##STR7## where b is about 8.5 and a+c isabout 2.5 for ED-600, b is about 15.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-900, bis about 40.5 and a+c is about 2.5 for ED-20-1, b is about 86.0 and a+cis about 2.5 for ED-4000, and b is about 132.0 and a+c is about 3.0 forED-6000.

JEFFAMINE T-3000 and JEFFAMINE T-5000 ##STR8## where x+y+z=50 for T-3000and x+y+z=83 for T-5000.

JEFFAMINE ET-3000 ##STR9## where x+y+z=57 and a+b+c=4.

We claim:
 1. A reaction product of a functionalized polypropylene and apolyetheramine.
 2. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 3. The reactionproduct of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine.
 4. Thereaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is a diamine. 5.The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is amonoamine is prepared from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide whereinthe amount of ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine on a molar basis isgreater than about 75 percent.
 6. The reaction product of claim 5wherein the amount of ethylene oxide is greater than about 90 percent.7. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine isprepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or combination thereof.8. The reaction product of claim 1 wherein the functionalizedpolypropylene is maleated polypropylene having a number averagemolecular weight of from about 3,000 to about 20,000.
 9. The reactionproduct of claim 1 wherein the polyetheramine is prepared from ethyleneoxide and propylene oxide with the amount of ethylene oxide in thepolyetheramine being greater than about 50 percent.
 10. A reactionproduct of maleated polypropylene and polyetheramine prepared fromethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or combination thereof.
 11. A processcomprising:contacting polyetheramine with functionalized polypropyleneunder conditions effective to form a reaction product of thefunctionalized polypropylene and polyetheramine.
 12. The process ofclaim 11 wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleatedpolypropylene.
 13. The process of claim 11 wherein the polyetheramine isprepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or combination thereof.14. The process of claim 12 wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamine ordiamine.
 15. The process of claim 11 wherein the contacting occurs in anextruder.
 16. The process of claim 11 wherein the temperature is about175° C. to about 300° C.
 17. A process comprising:contacting maleatedpolypropylene and polyetheramine in an extruder at a temperature of fromabout 175° C. to about 300° C. under conditions effective to form areaction product of the maleated polypropylene and the polyetheramine.18. The process of claim 17 wherein the polyetheramine is prepared fromethylene oxide and propylene oxide, wherein the amount of ethylene oxidein the polyetheramine is greater than about 75 percent.
 19. The processof claim 18 wherein the ethylene oxide in the polyetheramine is greaterthan about 90 percent.
 20. The process of claim 18 wherein the residencetime in the extruder is from about 25 to about 300 seconds.
 21. Acomposition comprising:polypropylene; an elastomer; and the reactionproduct of functionalized polypropylene and polyetheramine, wherein thepolyetheramine has a molecular weight of from about 150 to about 12,000.22. The composition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine is amonoamino.
 23. The composition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine isa diamine.
 24. The composition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine isof formula: ##STR10## where R═H, CH₃, m is from about 3 to 32, and n isfrom about 10 to
 32. 25. The composition of claim 21 wherein thepolyetheramine has the following structures: ##STR11## where b is about40.5 and a+c is about 2.5, b is about 86.0 and a+c is about 2.5, and bis about 132.0 and a+c is about 3.0.
 26. The composition of claim 21wherein the polyetheramine has the following formula: ##STR12## . 27.The composition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine is a monoamineselected from the group having a molecular weight from about 200 to 400.28. The composition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine has thefollowing structure: ##STR13## .
 29. The composition of claim 21 whereinthe polyetheramine has the following structure: ##STR14## where R═H, CH,m is from about 3 to 32, and n is from about 10 to
 32. 30. Thecomposition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine is a diamine selectedfrom the group having a molecular weight of from about 148 to
 6000. 31.The composition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine is a diaminehaving the following structure: ##STR15## where b is about 8.5 and a+cis about 2.5, b is about 15.5 and a+c is about 2.5, b is about 40.5 anda+c is about 2.5, b is about 86.0 and a+c is about 2.5, and b is about132.0 and a+c is about 3.0.
 32. The composition of claim 21 wherein thepolyetheramine is a diamine having the following structure: ##STR16##where x is about 33, x is about 68, and x is about 5.6.
 33. Thecomposition of claim 21 wherein the polyetheramine is a triamine havingthe molecular weight of from about 200 to
 4000. 34. The composition ofclaim 21 wherein the polyetheramine is a triamine having the followingstructure: ##STR17## where x+y+z=50 and x+y+z=83.
 35. The composition ofclaim 21 wherein the polyetheramine is a triamine having the followingstructure: ##STR18## where x+y+z=57 and a+b+c=4.
 36. The composition ofclaim 21 wherein the functionalized polypropylene is maleatedpolypropylene.
 37. The composition of claim 22 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 38. Thecomposition of claim 23 wherein the functionalized polypropylene ismaleated polypropylene.
 39. The composition of claim 24 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 40. Thecomposition of claim 25 wherein the functionalized polypropylene ismaleated polypropylene.
 41. The composition of claim 26 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 42. Thecomposition of claim 27 wherein the functionalized polypropylene ismaleated polypropylene.
 43. The composition of claim 28 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 44. Thecomposition of claim 29 wherein the functionalized polypropylene ismaleated polypropylene.
 45. The composition of claim 30 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 46. Thecomposition of claim 31 wherein the functionalized polypropylene ismaleated polypropylene.
 47. The composition of claim 32 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 48. Thecomposition of claim 33 wherein the functionalized polypropylene ismaleated polypropylene.
 49. The composition of claim 33 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.
 50. Thecomposition of claim 34 wherein the functionalized polypropylene ismaleated polypropylene.
 51. The composition of claim 35 wherein thefunctionalized polypropylene is maleated polypropylene.